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Almaty is located in southern Kazakhstan and is the country’s largest city. The modern city’s prehistory was an active trading post on part of the Silk Road, but with more European ship traffic from the 15th-18th centuries there was a decline in trade and thus in the development of the area. In the 1850s, the area became Russian with Russia’s expansion into Central Asia, and to protect the new country, the Verny fortress was built between the rivers Bolshaya and Malenkaya Almatinka. In 1867, Vernyj was expanded and established as the city of Almaty, but it was soon renamed Vernyj again.
Vernyj grew until 1887, when the city was almost completely wiped out by an earthquake. However, Vernyj was rebuilt, and in 1906 there were 27,000 inhabitants, the majority of whom were Russians or from the Ukrainian part of the Russian Empire. In 1918, Soviet rule was established in Verny, which administratively became part of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Republic, which had its capital in Tashkent. In 1920, the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Republic was separated from Turkestan with its capital first in Orenburg and later Kyzylorda. In 1921, Vernyj was renamed Alma-Ata, which was one of the city’s old names from the pre-Russian era.
In 1926, the construction of the Turkestan-Siberia railway was started, and the line was decisive for the development of Kazakhstan and for the choice of Alma-Ata as the capital in 1929 and from 1936 of the new Kazakh Soviet Republic. In 1930, the railway, airport and main road opened to Alma-Ata, which was thus better connected to the rest of the Soviet Union and not least to the government in Moscow. In the following years and decades, a lot was built in Alma-Ata, and during World War II, a number of educational institutions and industries were moved from World War II Europe to the city. The population increased from approx. 100,000 in 1918 to almost 400,000 around 1970.
Growth continued in Alma-Ata, and when the population passed one million, the city qualified for the construction of a subway, and in 1988 construction of the Alma-Ata Metro began. In 1991, Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union, and Alma-Ata became the capital of the new republic. The Kazakh government decided to rename the city Almaty in 1993, and in 1997 the capital of the republic was moved from Almaty to Astana, further north. In 2011, the metro opened in Almaty, which today has more than two million inhabitants.
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Ascension Cathedral is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located in Panfilov Park in Almaty. The brightly colored church was completed in 1907, and it was built entirely of wood without the use of nails in the construction. With a height of 56 metres, it is one of the world’s tallest wooden churches.
The construction of the beautiful church took place after, from the end of the 19th century, there had been requests for the construction of a cathedral, which did not exist in the city at that time. The construction was approved by the bishop of Turkestan and Tashkent in 1903, and the following year the actual construction started.
The beautiful exterior of the Ascension Cathedral is matched by the interior of the church, many of whose works of art were primarily produced in Moscow and Kiev. For many years under the Soviet Union, the cathedral was used as a museum, and it was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1995.
Kok Tobe TV Tower is a tower located on Kok Tobe, a mountain over 1,100 meters high, whose height rises 200 meters above Almaty. The mountain is located in the eastern part of the city, and it is the closest and most easily accessible of the many mountains that lie in the hoison south of the city. Through more than hundreds of years, Kok Tobe has attracted the city’s citizens both summer and winter with the nature and opportunities for, for example, skiing.
In the 1960s, it was decided to build a TV tower to transmit signals to large parts of the Kazakh Soviet Republic. The 372 meter high tower was planned from 1975 and built from 1978. The tower was completed in 1983, and it was built with observation decks at both 146 and 252 meters high.
The easiest and best way to get to the top of Kok Tobe is by Kok Tobe Cable Car/Köktöbe арканды жол станциасы, which can be taken from Almaty city center. The cable car station is located immediately next to the Palace of the Republic/Республика Сарайй. At the upper cable car station, there are various activities and an unforgettable view of both Almaty and the snowy mountains to the south.
The Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan was founded in 1931 as one of the largest museums in Central Asia. At that time it was housed in the Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the city, and from 1985 it was housed in the current museum building.
Today, the museum houses a significant collection of objects from Kazakh history and cultural development, with many archaeological finds and modern objects. Today, everything from palaeontology and archeology to modern Kazakhstan is part of the museum’s large exhibitions.
Republic Square is the name of the central square in Almaty. It was inaugurated in 1980 after being decided to build as a result of the growing population of the city. The increasing number of citizens had made the then Lenin Square too small for the large events that were regularly held in Almaty during the Soviet Union.
The square was inaugurated as Den Nye Plads in 1980 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Kazakh Soviet Republic. In 1982, it changed its name to Brezhnev Square after the death of the head of state, before regaining its original name in 1988.
There are several well-known buildings around the large urban space that the square forms. The large building to the south is Almaty’s City Hall/Алматы Акимдик быбыханы and thus the seat of the city’s government. The City Hall was opened as the headquarters of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1980, before becoming a City Hall, it served as the presidential residence from 1991 to 1994.
In the northern part of the square stands the Independence Monument, which was erected in 1996 on the occasion of the country’s independence. The inspiration came from a similar monument from Luxor, Egypt, and at the top there is a golden warrior ruler and a winged leopard, symbolizing a firm state power on Kazakh soil.
The KBTU building is one of Almaty’s best-known buildings from the time as part of the Soviet Union. The large office building was built from 1938 to house the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Republic. Construction came to a halt during the Second World War German attack on the Union, and construction did not resume until 1951, with completion in 1957.
The architecture is in the period’s monumental design, and behind the column-adorned structure lay the republic’s supreme political power. The building was expanded several times before the Central Committee of the Communist Party moved to another building in 1980. After various uses, the building is today set up as a university KBTU.
The KBTU building is located on Astana Plads/Астана падчий, which is one of the city’s largest squares. There is a large park opposite the building and it has a nice formal layout with a statue in the middle. In this place, a statue of Lenin was erected in 1957, which since 1997 has stood a few kilometers to the west at the Museum of Soviet Sculptural Monuments/Кенестік mусін мусін музыктерін музы.
Abay Opera and Ballet Theater is an opera and ballet stage that opened as a music studio in 1933, and the following year it became a theater. Later in the 1930s, both ballets and operas were staged, and construction began on the current opera house, which was inaugurated in 1941.
The architecture is in the Stalinist empire style of the time, which in the case of the theater combines Italian classicism with Kazakh elements in the decoration. Over time, several famous works have been staged on the stage, which today has the status of a national theatre.
Museum of Kazakh Folk Music Instruments is a museum that conveys the history, instruments and development of Kazakh folk music through fine exhibitions. You can also see an exhibition of musical instruments that have belonged to composers and performers over time.
The museum building itself is exciting. It was built in 1908 in a style inspired by traditional Russian architecture. From the formation of the Soviet Union and until 1980, the building was the seat of an officers’ organization before it was fitted out as the current museum.
The Park of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a large urban park located in the southern part of Almaty. The park was opened in 2010 and named after Nursultan Naserbayev, who was the first president of Kazakhstan.
In Soviet times, there were apple orchards in the area that today forms the large park area. The park was created from the year 2001, when Nursultan Naserbajev planted an oak tree here. As the entrance to the park is a semi-circular archway, and behind it there are various facilities, and you can also see a sculpture of the first president.
Bishkek is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan. The prehistory of the modern city started as a caravan station on one of the branches of the Silk Road, and in 1825 the Kokand Khanate built a small clay fortress in what they called Pisjpek. The fortress was captured by Russian troops in 1862 during Russia’s expansion in Central Asia, and on that occasion Pisjpek was destroyed.
Russia quickly re-established a garrison on the site, and the population increased with the many Russian farmers who moved here due to the fertile black soil fields. In 1878, Russia founded the city of Pishpek itself, which developed into today’s Bishkek.
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Overview of Almaty
Almaty is located in southern Kazakhstan and is the country’s largest city. The modern city’s prehistory was an active trading post on part of the Silk Road, but with more European ship traffic from the 15th-18th centuries there was a decline in trade and thus in the development of the area. In the 1850s, the area became Russian with Russia’s expansion into Central Asia, and to protect the new country, the Verny fortress was built between the rivers Bolshaya and Malenkaya Almatinka. In 1867, Vernyj was expanded and established as the city of Almaty, but it was soon renamed Vernyj again.
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Republic Square is the name of the central square in Almaty. It was inaugurated in 1980 after being decided to build as a result of the growing population of the city. The increasing number of citizens had made the then Lenin Square too small for the large events that were regularly held in Almaty during the Soviet Union.
The square was inaugurated as Den Nye Plads in 1980 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Kazakh Soviet Republic. In 1982, it changed its name to Brezhnev Square after the death of the head of state, before regaining its original name in 1988.
There are several well-known buildings around the large urban space that the square forms. The large building to the south is Almaty’s City Hall/Алматы Акимдик быбыханы and thus the seat of the city’s government. The City Hall was opened as the headquarters of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1980, before becoming a City Hall, it served as the presidential residence from 1991 to 1994.
In the northern part of the square stands the Independence Monument, which was erected in 1996 on the occasion of the country’s independence. The inspiration came from a similar monument from Luxor, Egypt, and at the top there is a golden warrior ruler and a winged leopard, symbolizing a firm state power on Kazakh soil.
The KBTU building is one of Almaty’s best-known buildings from the time as part of the Soviet Union. The large office building was built from 1938 to house the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Republic. Construction came to a halt during the Second World War German attack on the Union, and construction did not resume until 1951, with completion in 1957.
The architecture is in the period’s monumental design, and behind the column-adorned structure lay the republic’s supreme political power. The building was expanded several times before the Central Committee of the Communist Party moved to another building in 1980. After various uses, the building is today set up as a university KBTU.
The KBTU building is located on Astana Plads/Астана падчий, which is one of the city’s largest squares. There is a large park opposite the building and it has a nice formal layout with a statue in the middle. In this place, a statue of Lenin was erected in 1957, which since 1997 has stood a few kilometers to the west at the Museum of Soviet Sculptural Monuments/Кенестік mусін мусін музыктерін музы.
Abay Opera and Ballet Theater is an opera and ballet stage that opened as a music studio in 1933, and the following year it became a theater. Later in the 1930s, both ballets and operas were staged, and construction began on the current opera house, which was inaugurated in 1941.
The architecture is in the Stalinist empire style of the time, which in the case of the theater combines Italian classicism with Kazakh elements in the decoration. Over time, several famous works have been staged on the stage, which today has the status of a national theatre.
Museum of Kazakh Folk Music Instruments is a museum that conveys the history, instruments and development of Kazakh folk music through fine exhibitions. You can also see an exhibition of musical instruments that have belonged to composers and performers over time.
The museum building itself is exciting. It was built in 1908 in a style inspired by traditional Russian architecture. From the formation of the Soviet Union and until 1980, the building was the seat of an officers’ organization before it was fitted out as the current museum.
The Park of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a large urban park located in the southern part of Almaty. The park was opened in 2010 and named after Nursultan Naserbayev, who was the first president of Kazakhstan.
In Soviet times, there were apple orchards in the area that today forms the large park area. The park was created from the year 2001, when Nursultan Naserbajev planted an oak tree here. As the entrance to the park is a semi-circular archway, and behind it there are various facilities, and you can also see a sculpture of the first president.
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