Canberra is the Australian capital and a meeting with many of Australia’s national institutions, with the Parliament, the National Museum and Australia’s War Memorial at the forefront. Many large buildings are located in the center, and they also house several museums such as the country’s national portrait gallery. A tour of the country’s parliament provides both fine information and an insight into Australian politics.
When you walk in the streets of Canberra, you quickly find that the street network is built in a special pattern and with special zones. The city itself is a designed capital, constructed according to a carefully devised plan that was to show the greatness of the Australian nation and its capabilities. Walter Burley Griffin was at the forefront of the city plan, which has created distinguished parade streets, impressive plazas, recreational areas and fine vantage points.
In Canberra, cultural life is also booming with a number of museums, among other things, and both in terms of gastronomy and shopping, the city offers an abundance of possibilities. In the area of London Circuit, pedestrian streets and shopping malls can be found, and close by is the fine Australian National Museum.
Canberra is a city that is very flat in its building mass and it offers panoramic views of nature from places as Mount Ainslie. From there you can also see that you are never far for activities in the vast nature that begins minutes from the center of Canberra.
ANZAC Parade is a boulevard that was laid out as a memorial to the Australian and New Zealand forces who took part in the First World War. These are called ANZAC, which stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The planting along the street was done as a symbol of the people of the two nations, and therefore you can see low hebe bushes from New Zealand and Australian eucalyptus trees.
The long street stretches between Lake Burley Griffin and the Australian War Memorial, and it is used for various ceremonies and parades, not least on ANZAC Day on 25 April. ANZAC Day marks the time the troops first arrived at Gallipoli in Turkey on 25 April 1915. After eight months of fighting against the Turkish Ottomans led by Kemal Atatürk, Australia had lost over 8,000 soldiers and New Zealand more than 2,700.
In the sides along the ANZAC Parade you can see a number of memorials today. Among other things, these have been erected in memory of Australia’s air force and for relations between Australia and New Zealand.
The Australian War Memorial is a monument in memory of the Australians who have fallen in war over time. The site stands as a monumental building, but the area is also set up as an exhibition, military museum and research centre. A visit here gives you an insightful impression of the conditions that have prevailed in the country’s war history.
The monument is beautifully positioned on the axis between Parliament House and ANZAC Parade to the southwest and Mount Ainslie to the northeast. In this way, the large memorial monument is a very visible building from large parts of Canberra.
The idea for the Australian War Memorial emerged during the First World War battles in France. An architectural competition was announced in 1927, but no winner was found. However, Emil Sodersten and John Crust from Sydney were chosen to continue working on their proposal, and in 1941 the memorial monument was completed.
The monument itself was built around an open courtyard, where archways on each side lead to the Mindehallen/Hall of Memory itself, which lies under the site’s dome. In the Hall of Memory you can see the grave of the unknown Australian soldier, and glass mosaics in the room depict the various defenses and functions of the military as well as the qualities Australian soldiers represent.
In the open courtyard there is a memorial pond and an eternal flame, while in the archways there are commemorative plaques with the names of the over 100,000 Australian soldiers who have fallen in service throughout history.
The ground plan of the complex has the shape of a cross, and the style was inspired by Byzantine architecture and also has a touch of contemporary art deco. In the large halls on either side of the Hall of Memory, there is an exhibition of, among other things, military hardware from not least the two world wars of the 20th century. Among other things, you can see a Lancaster bomber and German Messerschmidt aircraft. In the Hall of Valour, you can see more than 60 of the Victoria Crosses that Australian soldiers have been decorated with over time.
On the lawn west of the Australian War Memorial you can see a sculpture garden. Here you can take a short stroll and see both sculptures and various military equipment.
Mount Ainslie is an 842 meter high mountain that stands on the outskirts of Canberra. With that height, the mountain reaches 287 meters higher than the water level in Lake Burley Griffin in central Canberra. Mount Ainslie was named after James Ainslie, who lived for ten years in Canberra in the 1820-1830s, and it is part of the Canberra Nature Park, which consists of a number of protected natural areas in the Australian Capital Territory.
At Mount Ainslie you can visit a lookout point from which there is a formidable view of Canberra, the Australian Capital Territory and the surrounding New South Wales. You can drive here or walk along the purpose-built footpath that starts from the Australian War Memorial area.
The National Museum of Australia opened in 2001, and through a technologically modern exhibition several sides of Australian history, culture and nature are depicted. The three primary themes are the country’s history from 1788, the interaction with the surrounding environment and the culture of the original Australian population.
The design of the museum building was built to symbolize ropes that are tied together, and the museum represents the knot that ties all the ends together in the same way that Australian history is made up of many individual stories. Both in the exterior and interior, you are also greeted by exciting architectural settings around the exhibition.
Parliament House is the seat of the Australian Parliament. The federal parliament met in Melbourne from the country’s founding in 1901 to 1927, and in the years 1927-1988 the meetings were held in Canberra’s now-named Old Parliament House, which can be seen from the current parliament building.
It was Queen Elizabeth II who opened the new and current Parliament House on top of Canberra’s Capital Hill. It happened on 9 May 1988, and the decision on the new building had been made ten years earlier in 1978.
An architectural competition was launched for the new parliament, and it brought in 329 proposals from 28 countries. The winning project that was realized built most of the building into the hill on the site. The central part of the parliament also bears some resemblance to the Old Parliament House, which lies immediately north-east of here. Seen from above, the shape was inspired by the Australian boomerangs.
Parliament has two chambers, called the House of Representatives and the Senate. The respective green and red colors come from the two corresponding chambers in London’s Palace of Westminster. However, the English colors were adjusted to symbolize green eucalyptus leaves and the red soil of the Australian outback.
At the top of Parliament House, the Australian flag flies on an 81 meter high flagpole. The bar weighs 220 tonnes and was produced in stainless steel from Newcastle in New South Wales.
There is public access to most of the halls and rooms in Parliament House, and this also applies to the roof with the flagpole. On a tour, in addition to the political corridors, you can see some of the several thousand works of art in the building.
You can see, for example, the mosaic Mødested/Meeting Place at the entrance, which was made by Michael Tjakamarra Nelson. And in the Great Hall you can see a 20 meter long work by Arthur Boyd.
Old Parliament House is the name of Australia’s former government building, which was completed in 1927. At that time, the federal administration moved here from Melbourne, and the building was the country’s political center until 1988, when the current Parliament House was inaugurated.
Old Parliament House was formerly called Provisional Parliament House, because from the start it was intended as a provisional home for the country’s political representatives. The architect behind the building was John Smith Murdoch, and the style was simplified classicism, which was frequently used in government buildings in Canberra in the 1920s and 1930s.
Inside, there are some distinguished halls such as the centrally located Kongesal/King’s Hall, which was named after King George V. There is a statue of the king in the hall. From King’s Hall there is access to the now former meeting rooms of the two chambers of Parliament.
A garden was once established on each side of the Old Parliament House, where politicians from the House of Representatives and the Senate respectively could take a stroll. They were reopened in 2004 as De Nationale Rosenhaver/National Rose Gardens.
There is a museum for Australian democracy in the building, The Museum of Australian Democracy. The museum describes the country’s development towards today’s democracy, and it is a museum that generally describes the political history of Australia.
At the National Gallery of Australia you can get acquainted with works of art by both Australian and foreign artists. In the many individual exhibitions at the museum, you can see works by Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet and Jackson Pollock, as well as the country’s own artists such as Albert Tucker and Arthur Boyd. There is also a collection of Aboriginal art; you can, for example, experience the work Aboriginal Memorial, which consists of 200 decorated tree trunks.
Outside the museum, you can take a walk in the beautiful sculpture park, where you can see a number of works by different artists. In the sculpture park, the plant selection is naturally enough species native to Australia.
The gallery was established in 1967, and the museum building was constructed from 1973. The architectural style was and is Brutalism, and the institution was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1982. Since then, the museum has been expanded several times.
At the National Portrait Gallery you can mainly see a collection of portraits of well-known Australians, each of whom has excelled in his field. The museum’s collection was founded in 1998, and until 2008 it was stored in, among other places, the Old Parliament House.
In 2008, the current museum building opened, giving the many portraits a new, exciting architectural setting. The museum building was designed so that it is based on the geometry that Walter Burley Griffin also used for the overall layout of the Australian capital when it was built.
The National Carillon is a 50 meter tall carillon and monument that was a gift from the British Government to the Australian people to mark the 50th anniversary of Canberra’s status as capital city. In the monument there are 55 bronze bells, each weighing between seven kilos and six tonnes.
The National Carillon stands on the small island of Aspen Island in Lake Burley Griffin, an artificial lake named after Walter Burley Griffin, who won the design competition for Canberra as the new capital. The island is connected to the lake shore by a footbridge. The chiming of the carillon can be heard from a long distance in the city.
The Royal Australian Mint is the place for anyone who wants to learn about coins and minting. The mint opened in 1965 and all Australian coins are minted here. From the observation deck you can, among other things, follow the production itself, and you can also see an interesting coin collection, which gives money perspective in Australian history.
Prior to the opening of the Australian Mint in Canberra, Australian coins were struck at the Sydney Mint, the Melbourne Mint and the Perth Mint. As such, the Royal Australian Mint was the first mint in Australia to be independent of the British Royal Mint of the United Kingdom, which was a British government entity.
Questacon is the name of Australia’s National Science and Technology Centre, which is a kind of combined museum and experimentarium. You can see and experience hundreds of interactive exhibits, and among the many experiences there is a roller coaster simulator, a science theater and the MiniQ area, which is designed for babies and small children.
Questacon’s history dates back to 1986, when the center started as a project under the Australian National University. Questacon’s building opened in 1988 as a gift from Japan to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the arrival of the first fleet of British convicts to the new colonies.
Commonwealth Place is a facility on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin. It is a central, open area surrounded by rows of flags. The most striking feature of Commonwealth Place is the long line of flagpoles, where you can find a flag for each of the countries that maintain a diplomatic mission in the Australian capital. Between the flags you can see Speakers Square, which forms the central part of the facility.
Walter Burley Griffin was Canberra’s town planner when the new Australian capital was to be established, and he had already thought of a people’s forum along the lakeshore. With Commonwealth Place, this thought was realized in 2005.
Located on the north side of Lake Burley Griffin, Blundell’s Hut dates back to Canberra’s early history. The cottage was built around 1860 as accommodation for workers on the Duntroon farm.
Today, Blundell’s Hut is set up as a museum for the pioneers in the area, and both the house and the museum are an experience of 19th-century Australia, where Europeans established and ran colonies in the newly-found country. It was before Canberra became the new country’s capital, and thus the house is an example of provincial life in a colony far away from London and England.
The National Capital Exhibition is an exhibition that shows the history of the city of Canberra as Australia’s capital and as a symbol of the nation’s unity. Culture, population, architecture, design and events are all elements that have helped to shape the city, and they are some of the things you can get an insight into on the spot.
You can also see and learn about Walter Burley Griffin’s master plan for Canberra, which is based on the geometry and natural elements of the area. But can also see exciting exhibitions about the original population that lived in the area before European settlement.
The National Capital Exhibition is located in the green area called Commonwealth Park, which as a recreational area was included in Walter Burley Griffin’s plan for the establishment of Canberra.
The Church of Saint John the Baptist is an Anglican church that was consecrated in 1845. It is the city’s oldest and thus dates from early Canberra. At this time, the city was many decades away from becoming the capital, and therefore the church with the cemetery stands as a symbol of the pioneers who settled and cultivated the area around Canberra.
There is also an associated school building next to the church. It dates from the same year as the church itself. The school is set up as the Schoolhouse Museum, where you can experience the atmosphere of the settlers’ rural schoolrooms.
The Captain Cook Memorial Jet is a water cannon that stands in Lake Burley Griffin. The water cannon has a fountain jet that reaches a height of 147 meters at full strength. The facility was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in 1970 to mark the 200th anniversary of Captain Cook’s discovery of the east coast of Australia.
You can of course see the Captain Cook Memorial Jet from many places around Lake Burey Griffin. A good and relevant place is Regatta Point, where you can also see the Captain Cook Memorial Globe, which shows the routes of Cook’s three voyages of discovery.
The Australian National Botanic Gardens is a botanical garden in Canberra that contains the country’s largest collection of Australian flora. The garden was planned in the 1930s and the first trees were planted in 1949. The garden today has the largest collection of Australian flora in the country.
You can enjoy more than 5,500 different plants, which among other things give good impressions of the rainforests of eastern Australia, the plants of the desert, the plants of the Sydney region and the variety of eucalyptus trees. The garden itself is beautifully situated in the hilly landscape of Black Mountain.
Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve is an approximately 55 square kilometer nature reserve located southwest of the Australian capital Canberra. The area consists of a large valley floor and the surrounding mountains. The sides of the valley are steep, while the lower slopes are partially cleared with a significant history of Aboriginal and European use.
Mount Tidbinbilla is believed to have been used for Aboriginal initiation ceremonies, and the word tidbinbilla also comes from the word Jedbinbilla, meaning the place where boys become men. There are known Aboriginal sites at Tidbinbilla. They include Birriagi Rock Shelter, which is the oldest Aboriginal site in the Australian Capital Territory.
The first part of the nature reserve was laid out for the purpose in 1936, and since then the park area has been expanded several times. Over time, an area for koalas was established, among other things, and today Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve is a place with beautiful nature, where you can meet many Australian animals such as kangaroo, wallaby, platypus, emu and koala.
Batemans Bay is a town located along the South Coast region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is at this point that the Clyde River empties into Batemans Bay and the Tasman Sea. Batemans Bay is a relatively small town, but it is a well-visited tourist destination, where not least people from the capital Canberra enjoy a trip by the water.
The European history of the area started on 22 April 1770, when James Cook explored and named the bay Batemans Bay. During the 19th century, among other things, the oyster industry developed here, and the European settlement of Batemans Bay started in earnest in the 1880s, when the town was established in 1885.
The town is quite pleasant to walk around in. The center is on the south bank of the Clyde River close to the Batemans Bay Bridge. In the city there are also several beaches, the possibility of sailing trips, surfing and many other activities. You can, for example, go on nature walks around the city. It can be a trip to North Head or along the sea south of the centre.
Mount Kosciuszko is the name of the highest mountain on the Australian mainland. It is 2,228 meters high and named after the Pole Tadeusz Kosciuszko from the 18th century. The naming was due to the fact that it was the Pole Paweł Edmund Strzelecki who explored Mount Kosciuszko in 1840.
The mountain is the top of a mountainous area where there are many wonderful panoramic views, and you can relatively easily get to the very top of what you normally think of as Australia. Only Mawson Peak on Heard Island, an external Australian territory, is higher than Mount Kosciuszko.
To make the trip to the top, you can drive to Charlotte Pass, where there is a parking lot and the beginning of the hiking and biking trail towards the mountain top. It is a trip of approximately nine kilometers each way along a slightly rising terrain. You naturally experience the Australian nature on the way to the top, where there is a marking of the highest point.
Bunda Street
canberracentre.com.au
131 Monaro Street
riversideplaza.com.au
Anketell Street
hyperdome.com.au
Benjamin Way
westfield.com/belconnen
Keltie Street
westfield.com/woden
Bunda Street, Petrie Plaza, Ainslie Place, City Walk, Garema Place.
Canberra Walk-in Aviary
Federation Square, O’hanlon Place, Nicholls
Cockington Green Gardens
11 Gold Creek Road, Nicholls
cockingtongreen.com.au
CSIRO Discovery
North Science Road
csiro.au
National Zoo & Aquarium
Scrivener Dam, Lady Denman Drive, Yarralumla
zooquarium.com.au
Questacon
King Edward Terrace
questacon.edu.au
Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve
Paddys River Road
tams.act.gov.au
The European settlement in Canberra started in the 1820s. Before that, people from the indigenous tribes of Australia, the Aborigines, lived here. Four settlement expeditions came to the area between 1820 and 1824, and the first construction was a house on the Acton Peninsula, located very close to the present city center.
Throughout the 19th century, several newcomers arrived steadily, initially encouraged by hiring on already established farms. Larger public buildings were built over time, such as the still-preserved Church of John the Baptist from 1845.
With the establishment of the federation in Australia, a common capital was needed. Both Sydney and Melbourne claimed this status, but a compromise had to be made. As a result, a new capital was to be established in a part of the province of New South Wales, but it had to be more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) away from Sydney.
Surveyor Charles Scrivener’s worked in 1908 to find the proper land where Canberra should be made the country’s new capital, and the Australian Capital Territory land was separated from New South Wales and given to the federal government establishing it as a metropolitan area.
Canberra got its present name on March 12, 1913. It happened during a ceremony on Capital Hill, then called Kurrajong Hill. The event gave birth to so-called Canberra Day, which falls on the second Monday in March, which marks the capital’s founding.
Canberra was chosen as the coming capital at a time when it in no way roomed the facilities for it. Therefore, a whole new design and layout had to be developed for the purpose.
In an international architectural competition in 1910, an overall city plan was sought for Canberra’s many new institutions, which included the country’s parliament and the Supreme Court. Walter Burley Griffin’s plan was chosen, and in 1913 the large construction works began.
The federal government moved to the city in 1927, when a temporary parliament building was ready for use. The depression of the 1930s and World War II delayed or revised the planned expansion, among other things, intended large Anglican and Catholic cathedrals have not been built.
After World War II, many government offices were moved from Melbourne to Canberra as the development of the city as a fully functioning capital was completed. Today, on a city map you can clearly see the planned city’s lines with the so-called Parliamentary Triangle as the primary axes.
Today, Canberra has grown steadily with many Australian migrants, as well as the international Australia with diplomatic representations from countries throughout the world. It is a city that matches the international perspective of other capitals and has been at the center for large events several times.
During the Sydney Olympic Games in the year 2000, Canberra hosted matches in the soccer tournament of the games. They were played at Bruce Stadium, which is home to rugby matches, among other things. Canberra, of course, is also Australia’s political heart with all the parliamentary work, but also of events celebrating milestones in the country’s history.
Canberra, Australia[/caption]
Overview of Canberra
Canberra is the Australian capital and a meeting with many of Australia’s national institutions, with the Parliament, the National Museum and Australia’s War Memorial at the forefront. Many large buildings are located in the center, and they also house several museums such as the country’s national portrait gallery. A tour of the country’s parliament provides both fine information and an insight into Australian politics.
When you walk in the streets of Canberra, you quickly find that the street network is built in a special pattern and with special zones. The city itself is a designed capital, constructed according to a carefully devised plan that was to show the greatness of the Australian nation and its capabilities. Walter Burley Griffin was at the forefront of the city plan, which has created distinguished parade streets, impressive plazas, recreational areas and fine vantage points.
About the Whitehorse travel guide
Contents: Tours in the city + tours in the surrounding area
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Author: Stig Albeck
Publisher: Vamados.com
Language: English
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At the National Gallery of Australia you can get acquainted with works of art by both Australian and foreign artists. In the many individual exhibitions at the museum, you can see works by Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet and Jackson Pollock, as well as the country’s own artists such as Albert Tucker and Arthur Boyd. There is also a collection of Aboriginal art; you can, for example, experience the work Aboriginal Memorial, which consists of 200 decorated tree trunks.
Outside the museum, you can take a walk in the beautiful sculpture park, where you can see a number of works by different artists. In the sculpture park, the plant selection is naturally enough species native to Australia.
The gallery was established in 1967, and the museum building was constructed from 1973. The architectural style was and is Brutalism, and the institution was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1982. Since then, the museum has been expanded several times.
At the National Portrait Gallery you can mainly see a collection of portraits of well-known Australians, each of whom has excelled in his field. The museum’s collection was founded in 1998, and until 2008 it was stored in, among other places, the Old Parliament House.
In 2008, the current museum building opened, giving the many portraits a new, exciting architectural setting. The museum building was designed so that it is based on the geometry that Walter Burley Griffin also used for the overall layout of the Australian capital when it was built.
The National Carillon is a 50 meter tall carillon and monument that was a gift from the British Government to the Australian people to mark the 50th anniversary of Canberra’s status as capital city. In the monument there are 55 bronze bells, each weighing between seven kilos and six tonnes.
The National Carillon stands on the small island of Aspen Island in Lake Burley Griffin, an artificial lake named after Walter Burley Griffin, who won the design competition for Canberra as the new capital. The island is connected to the lake shore by a footbridge. The chiming of the carillon can be heard from a long distance in the city.
The Royal Australian Mint is the place for anyone who wants to learn about coins and minting. The mint opened in 1965 and all Australian coins are minted here. From the observation deck you can, among other things, follow the production itself, and you can also see an interesting coin collection, which gives money perspective in Australian history.
Prior to the opening of the Australian Mint in Canberra, Australian coins were struck at the Sydney Mint, the Melbourne Mint and the Perth Mint. As such, the Royal Australian Mint was the first mint in Australia to be independent of the British Royal Mint of the United Kingdom, which was a British government entity.
Questacon is the name of Australia’s National Science and Technology Centre, which is a kind of combined museum and experimentarium. You can see and experience hundreds of interactive exhibits, and among the many experiences there is a roller coaster simulator, a science theater and the MiniQ area, which is designed for babies and small children.
Questacon’s history dates back to 1986, when the center started as a project under the Australian National University. Questacon’s building opened in 1988 as a gift from Japan to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the arrival of the first fleet of British convicts to the new colonies.
Commonwealth Place is a facility on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin. It is a central, open area surrounded by rows of flags. The most striking feature of Commonwealth Place is the long line of flagpoles, where you can find a flag for each of the countries that maintain a diplomatic mission in the Australian capital. Between the flags you can see Speakers Square, which forms the central part of the facility.
Walter Burley Griffin was Canberra’s town planner when the new Australian capital was to be established, and he had already thought of a people’s forum along the lakeshore. With Commonwealth Place, this thought was realized in 2005.
Located on the north side of Lake Burley Griffin, Blundell’s Hut dates back to Canberra’s early history. The cottage was built around 1860 as accommodation for workers on the Duntroon farm.
Today, Blundell’s Hut is set up as a museum for the pioneers in the area, and both the house and the museum are an experience of 19th-century Australia, where Europeans established and ran colonies in the newly-found country. It was before Canberra became the new country’s capital, and thus the house is an example of provincial life in a colony far away from London and England.
The National Capital Exhibition is an exhibition that shows the history of the city of Canberra as Australia’s capital and as a symbol of the nation’s unity. Culture, population, architecture, design and events are all elements that have helped to shape the city, and they are some of the things you can get an insight into on the spot.
You can also see and learn about Walter Burley Griffin’s master plan for Canberra, which is based on the geometry and natural elements of the area. But can also see exciting exhibitions about the original population that lived in the area before European settlement.
The National Capital Exhibition is located in the green area called Commonwealth Park, which as a recreational area was included in Walter Burley Griffin’s plan for the establishment of Canberra.
The Church of Saint John the Baptist is an Anglican church that was consecrated in 1845. It is the city’s oldest and thus dates from early Canberra. At this time, the city was many decades away from becoming the capital, and therefore the church with the cemetery stands as a symbol of the pioneers who settled and cultivated the area around Canberra.
There is also an associated school building next to the church. It dates from the same year as the church itself. The school is set up as the Schoolhouse Museum, where you can experience the atmosphere of the settlers’ rural schoolrooms.
The Captain Cook Memorial Jet is a water cannon that stands in Lake Burley Griffin. The water cannon has a fountain jet that reaches a height of 147 meters at full strength. The facility was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in 1970 to mark the 200th anniversary of Captain Cook’s discovery of the east coast of Australia.
You can of course see the Captain Cook Memorial Jet from many places around Lake Burey Griffin. A good and relevant place is Regatta Point, where you can also see the Captain Cook Memorial Globe, which shows the routes of Cook’s three voyages of discovery.
The Australian National Botanic Gardens is a botanical garden in Canberra that contains the country’s largest collection of Australian flora. The garden was planned in the 1930s and the first trees were planted in 1949. The garden today has the largest collection of Australian flora in the country.
You can enjoy more than 5,500 different plants, which among other things give good impressions of the rainforests of eastern Australia, the plants of the desert, the plants of the Sydney region and the variety of eucalyptus trees. The garden itself is beautifully situated in the hilly landscape of Black Mountain.
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