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Bremen is an old Hanseatic city which offers a city center that immediately brings visitors centuries back to the time of the merchants’ overseas trade. The Weser Renaissance is the typical building style of the era and there are loads of beautiful old buildings with the 14th century town hall and the cathedral as some of the most famous.
The town hall and the cathedral are both nice sights, and you should also see Schütting and Bremen’s many large churches on your walk along the cozy streets. Universum and the Haus Atlantis with the stunning Himmelssaal are architectural gems from recent time that should be seen as well. And when on a stroll, remember to include Böttcherstraße and Schlacte in the evening.
The Town Musicians of Bremen is a special story, which is recognized several places in Bremen including a monument to the old tale. The green parks of Bremen complement the old town and the beautiful areas along the river Weser. The city’s historic ramparts form a semicircle around the city, and it is a good idea to take a stroll by the moat or possibly enjoy the sun at the lawns of the Bürgerpark.
Modern Bremen meets technology at the forefront. The science in Universum is popular by many visitors, and you should also make a visit to the whole world history at the Überseemuseum. If you want a day out of town, the port city of Bremerhaven is a good choice, as is Hamburg as the largest city in the region.
Bremen’s market square is one of the city’s most important squares and the absolute center in terms of attractions. The irregular square was laid out in 1404, where the statue Bremer Roland was also erected.
After a few years, a stone wall was established around the square, and the city’s market activities were held within this wall. Previously, the city’s market had been held around the current Liebfrauenkirche.
In the 18th century, the market wall was replaced by a series of pillars that demarcated the trading area. In the 19th century, the entire square was paved in the same style as today. In the stones in front of the town hall you can see the pattern of Hansen’s cross.
At the corner of the Bremische Bürgerschaft is Bremens Hul/Bremer Loch, a social piggy bank that is part of the paving. The depth is 90 centimetres, and if you throw a coin in, it produces a sound from one of the Bremer musicians; the donkey, the dog, the cat or the rooster. The funds are used to support various social purposes.
Around Am Markt are numerous of the city’s finest buildings. To the northeast is the town hall, and to the southeast the state parliament, the Bremische Bürgerschaft. To the southwest is the merchant’s house, Schütting, and to the northwest some of the town’s gabled houses have been preserved.
In 1594, the double-gabled house with the Town Hall Pharmacy/Rathsapotheke (Am Markt 11) was built. The facade was changed in the 1890s. The neighboring house, Bysparekassens Hus/Haus der Stadtsparkasse (Am Markt 12) was built in 1755.
Bremen’s Town Musicians can be seen everywhere in the city and are one of Bremen’s popular features. The Town Musicians from Bremen is a folk tale written down by the Brothers Grimm. The story goes that a donkey, a dog, a cat and a rooster left their farms to become musicians in Bremen. On the way, they come to a den of robbers, and by standing on top of each other they scare the robbers away. The animals decided to stay in the house and thus did not come to Bremen.
As a statue, Gerhard Marck’s bronze musicians from 1951 are most famous, and it is said that you can make a wish by holding both of the donkey’s legs at the same time and closing your eyes. If you only stand on one leg, it’s two donkeys talking to each other.
The first town hall in Bremen was located on the opposite side of the square Unser Lieben Frauen Kirchhof from today’s town hall. It was decided to build a new one, the current one, which in its original style dates from the years 1405-1410.
The look was gothic and inspired by a castle. However, this changed in the period 1608-1612, when the architect Lüder von Bentheim built a beautiful, new facade in the Weser Renaissance style. It is said that this was because the merchant had erected the Schütting building opposite the town hall, which outshone the town hall’s shabby appearance.
Today, the city’s town hall consists of two parts; The Old Town Hall/Alte Rathaus and the New Town Hall/Neue Rathaus, where the old part is on UNESCO’s list of world heritage sites.
Inside the Alte Rathaus there was the basement, a market hall for more expensive goods on the ground floor and the impressive Festsal/Festsaal on the upper floor. The banqueting hall was the center of the town hall’s life, and here sat both the mayor, the senate and the city’s judges – in short, the most important, worldly public.
In the Festsaal you can see an impressive decoration. Two large frescoes dominate the back wall. They were painted from 1532 and depict the founding of Bremen and King Solomon’s settlement from 1 Kings, respectively. The founding of the city is depicted by Charlemagne and Bremen’s first bishop on either side of the cathedral, as it looked in the 16th century when the painting was created. The Solomonic solution is a symbol of justice; just like the Bible’s King Solomon, who determined with certainty who was the mother of a child. Other paintings are of the Hanseatic Court of Antwerp and of a whale due to Bremen’s now defunct whaling.
In the windows there are mosaics with a number of names. They represent former mayors and wealthy people who were often also politically influential. In the ceiling are a series of portraits. The artist was supposed to paint German kings and emperors, but it is believed that he painted with great artistic freedom.
Hanging from the ceiling are several models of the warships that played an important role in Bremen’s successful merchant fleet. They protected against pirates. The model ships are equipped with even particularly large model cannons, which is due to the fact that they were previously fired as salutes on special occasions.
The wood in the Festsaal is oak, and there are several examples of fine joinery. The details on the centrally placed spiral staircase, for example, are all unique and therefore a skillful and time-consuming piece of craftsmanship. The council chairs where the city’s senators sat are reproductions of the originals, which are now in the Focke Museum (Schwachhauser Heerstraße 240).
Towards the square Am Markt is a special space; the so-called Golden Room/Güldenkammer. It is relatively new compared to the rest of the Alte Rathaus. The artist Heinrich Vogeler redecorated the room in 1905 in a pure Art Nouveau style, which has become the very symbol of North German Art Nouveau. The room was created in Vogeler’s fairy-tale-inspired time, and you can see, among other things, birds of paradise in the decorations. From the leather-upholstered room, there is access to the town hall’s balcony, where, for example, the soccer team Werder Bremen is celebrated when they win trophies.
In several places, you can see Bremen’s red-white flag and the key, which is the city’s symbol. The key is chosen after the cathedral Sankt Petri, which is named after Saint Peter. Saint Peter had a key to paradise, and it became the symbol of all of Bremen.
Behind the Alte Rathaus is the Neue Rathaus, which dates from 1909-1913. It is three times larger than the old one, and the city is ruled from here today. The old part is used for representative purposes only. In the Neue Rathaus there is also a banquet hall and it was used as a meeting place for the Bremen Parliament until 1966. One of the details of this hall is the mirror on the wall, which symbolizes the past, present and future. The present is the very mirror in the middle.
Sankt Petri Dom is Bremen’s main Protestant church. Its history goes back to the site’s first church, which was built of wood in 767, when Charlemagne established a bishopric in Bremen with Willehad as the first bishop.
After a few years the town and the church burned, and in 805 Bishop Willerich built a new church; this time in stone. After the Danes’ attack on Hamburg in 845, Bremen’s cathedral became the archbishop’s seat for both Bremen and Hamburg. It was under Ansgar, who was archbishop 848-865. Ansgar is also known as the Apostle of the North, as he started the Christianization of Denmark and Scandinavia.
Throughout the 11th century, the church burned down several times, and each time it was rebuilt and continuously expanded. A prominent builder was Archbishop Adalbert of the see of Hamburg-Bremen, which also included other parts of northern Germany and Scandinavia. Adalbert and the Archbishop of Cologne were the leading ecclesiastical people in the German area. He is buried in Bremen’s cathedral.
The result of the larger constructions and extensions in the 1000-1200s was a large cathedral in the Romanesque style. In the 13th century it was rebuilt in Gothic style, and not least in the 14th century a number of side chapels were built.
After the Reformation, which started in 1517, Bremen Cathedral remained Catholic for a few years until it had to close in 1532. During the following decades, the church experienced being completely closed and under various Protestant directions. In 1638, it was officially opened as a Lutheran church, while the city’s other churches were Calvinist. This division was maintained until 1873, when Lutherans and Calvinists united under Bremen’s Evangeliske Kirke/Bremische Evangelische Kirche, which still exists today. This paved the way for the worn and partially neglected cathedral to be restored to its former glory.
In 1888 the renovation of Sankt Petri Dom started, and in 1901 the church was then able to reopen in an external, neo-Romanesque style that was inspired by the church’s time before the Gothic reconstruction in the 13th century. The two church towers of 99 meters and the facade were completed in 1892.
Inside, the restoration was carried out in Gothic style, and here there are several sights. In the choir, there is a preserved wooden interior from 1365, and the baptismal font is from 1220. The pulpit is a gift from the Swedish Queen Kristina Augusta, and it was installed in 1638. In the crypt, among other things, a number of bishops are buried. You can also climb the southern tower, where after 265 steps there is a fine view of the city.
The Cathedral Museum/Dommuseum is located in the church itself, and it contains, among other things, textiles from the medieval bishop’s graves, which were opened in 1974-1976.
A detail of the construction is the Domkirkemusen/Dommaus, which was built into the foot of a portal in the east choir. It dates from the latter half of the 11th century and was supposed to have a deterrent effect on witches and devils. Originally, the round-arched portal with the mouse was an entrance from the outside.
The Bible Garden/Bibelgarten is a small oasis between the cathedral and the side buildings. The fine garden is planted with growths that are mentioned in the Bible; eg apples and oleanders. A walk in the garden is thus an exciting form of Bible history.
Blykælderen/Bleikeller is a cellar next to the cathedral itself in Bremen. Here there are eight mummies in glass-clad display cases. They were found preserved in sand under the cathedral and moved here. Among other things, the mummies are a couple of Swedish officers from the Thirty Years’ War.
The roughly 100-metre-long Böttcherstraße is a special architectural experience. Most houses were built in the years 1922-1931, and here are several examples of German brick expressionism.
The primary builder was Ludwig Roselius, who at the beginning of the 20th century bought houses and lots, where he had new buildings erected. The first was Böttcherstraße 6, which today is set up as the museum Museum im Roselius-Haus. Other buildings are the Paula-Modersohn-Becker-Haus from 1926, the Atlantis Haus from 1931 and the Robinson-Crusoe-Haus from 1931. In some of the houses you will find museums; among other things about the painter Paula Modersohn-Becker.
At the entrance to the street is Bernhard Hoetger’s relief from 1936, Lysbringeren/Lichtbringer. It was set up as a symbol of the victory of National Socialism and Adolf Hitler over the dark powers.
In the Middle Ages and up to the 19th century, the street was the connection between Bremen’s marketplace and the banks of the river Weser, and this gave it importance and traffic. With the relocation of the port, this was changed. Today, however, the street is again very lively with, among other things, many shops, cafes and art venues.
Schnoor is the name of Bremen’s oldest district and its main street. The word comes from the rope warehouses in the neighborhood; i.e. from the production of strings. It was here that the town was established and where trade developed through fishing and various workshops.
On a stroll through Schnoor you can clearly see the city’s past. Here are buildings dating back to the 15th century and mainly town houses from the 17th-18th centuries. From the 19th century, the district fell into disrepair in line with the increased need for goods transport, which the narrow streets could not accommodate.
Schnoor came through World War II relatively unscathed, yet with the decay of time. In 1959, the reconstruction started with renovation support from the city government, and today the houses stand beautifully and atmospherically as a living witness of Bremen’s time of development.
The Skipperhuset/Schifferhaus (Stavendamm) is one of Schnoor’s best-known houses. It was built in 1630, and over time there has been, for example, an inn and various shops. The house is relatively unchanged over time, both inside and out, and is open on special occasions.
Roland was margrave in Brittany and army commander under Charlemagne in the 7th century. He fell in 778 in Roncevaux during an ambush, and the French Roland Squad/Chanson de Roland immortalized the count for his faith and efforts, which later came to symbolize justice through the Roland columns erected in free cities.
In Bremen, the current Roland was erected in 1404 as the protector of the city and symbol of its freedom. There had previously been a wooden statue. Roland stands in front of the town hall, but looks towards the cathedral. It is a symbol of the city’s freedom from ecclesiastical claims to territory.
Even the Bremer Roland figure is 5.47 meters tall and stands on a 60 centimeter high plinth. The pillion with the Gothic canopy behind Roland brings the total height to 10.21 metres. Roland carries his sword, Durendal, and a shield with the double-headed imperial eagle.
Bremer Roland is the oldest, preserved Roland column, and since 2004 it has been on UNESCO’s list of world heritage sites.
Schütting is the name of the building where Bremen’s merchant slave was housed. Since 1849, the city’s chamber of commerce has been located here. The merchant slave was built by Schütting in the years 1537-1538. It was a stately building that, with its location directly opposite the city’s town hall, symbolized the wealth and power of the merchants in the city.
The style is Flemish Renaissance. The stair gables have been preserved in their original form, while the facade facing the square Am Markt was changed in the 19th century. The entrance to the house was in the gable until the 1890s, when the central portal was built. The coat of arms of Bremen’s merchants adorns the portal.
Hotel Radisson BLU Bremen is elegantly located with access to the experiences in Böttcherstraße and the city center, but the hotel itself has a few attractions. They are located in the part of the hotel facing Böttcherstraße; in Atlantishuset/Atlantis Haus.
Ludwig Roselius let Bernhard Hoetger work on the house. Hoetger was inspired by the artist Paula Modersohn Becker and worked with wood, metal and glass building blocks. In Atlantis Haus, the idea was that the house’s spiral staircase should lead up to heaven, symbolized by Himmelsalen/Himmelssaal.
In the staircase area and in the Himmelssaal, the blue and white glass stones dominate, providing a special light. On top of the stairs is a small hall with special acoustics. You can stand in the middle and hear your own voice as if through loudspeakers.
Himmelssaal was almost completely rebuilt after the destruction of the Second World War, and the original glass bricks were used for the work. That is why some of them are splintered.
Domshof is the main square of old Bremen; here was and is, among other things, the town hall and the cathedral. From the 9th century until 1803, the square belonged directly under the church as an enclave with the name Dombezirk, and it was thus not subject to the authority of the city government in Bremen. In the earlier Middle Ages, the ecclesiastical area was surrounded by a wall, but already in 1043 it was demolished.
The cathedral was located on a high point which was 5.5 meters higher than the opposite end of the square. That part was raised over time, and in the 14th century the square had its current shape and size of 135×60 meters.
The space was used for many things; among other things knight tournaments. Both the church and Bremen laid claim to the use of the square and over time there were both trade and military parades here from the city’s side. They were carried out despite protests from Dombezirk on behalf of His Highness, which changed hands several times from, for example, Swedes to Hanoverians.
In 1803, the Domshof became a regular part of the city, and over the following decades various renovations and new buildings were carried out. From the end of the 19th century, several bank buildings were built, among them the neo-renaissance construction of Bremer Bank (Domshof 8-9) from 1904 and Deutsche Bank (Domshof 25) from 1890, these are the most significant of the banks .
You can see several monuments in the square. The Bismarck memorial/Bismarckdenkmal is an equestrian statue from 1910, and a more modern equestrian statue is the fountain Neptunbrønden/Neptunbrunnen, erected in 1991.
At the overseas museum, nature, culture and trade are the themes. Here the focus is on subjects from overseas countries and continents, and at the same time you can see parts of Bremen’s history and development depicted. It concerns the city’s economic heyday as a leading trading city, and in the exhibition there is a very vivid review of the importance of shipping and the cotton trade for example to Bremen.
The museum’s starting point was natural history and ethnographic collections that were brought together in 1875 with the aim of establishing a museum. In 1890, many objects were displayed at the Northwest Trade and Industry Fair, and the popularity of the exhibition meant that it was extended until 1895. The following year, the museum was officially opened in the current building.
The Überseemuseum is one of Bremen’s absolute treasures. Here is an abundance of effects from around the world. African masks and Asian construction art are just a few examples of the benefits of a visit around the Earth in the museum’s exhibitions.
The collection of animals is also impressive. Beautifully arranged dioramas give an impression of the world’s animal life, and from bygone times you can take a look at, among other things, a dinosaur skeleton.
Bremer Ratskeller is a wine cellar and eatery that dates back as long as Bremen’s town hall, which sits atop the Ratskeller. Here you will find the country’s largest collection of German wines, the oldest of which is from 1653.
The collection of the many wines and the serving of them is due to the historical monopoly the council in Bremen had for the wine trade. As a result, Ratskeller became the town’s wine place, and more and more wines were added.
The monopoly has long been broken, but the tradition continued, and today you can enjoy the rush of the past in the beautiful and atmospheric surroundings. There are, for example, vaulted pillared halls, wall paintings, wine barrels and the small rooms, the Priölken, where since 1599 you have been able to sit in your own small room and enjoy a meal.
Around Bremen’s old town lies a green belt of parks. It is a well-visited, recreational area which, until the 18th century, constituted the city’s fortifications.
To the west lay the river Weser as a natural protection, while the flat land to the east had to be protected. Since 782 there have been defense installations; in the first centuries a wall of wood. In the 13th century, the first stone structures were established. On the outside, they built the moat, which ran into the river Weser at both ends.
In 1250, 6 city gates were built as access roads through the ramparts; Ostertor, Bischofstor, Herdentor, Ansgariitor, Brückentor and Natel. Around the 14th century, the walls were extended to a total of 22 towers and a height of 5 metres.
The largest expansion of the fortification was carried out in the years 1623-1664, when the Dutch Johan van Valckenburgh stood behind the jagged moat with associated facilities, the remains of which can clearly be seen today. The entire city was enclosed, and on the west bank of the Weser the district of Neustadt was founded with corresponding ramparts around it, so that the entire city area was surrounded by a jagged defensive ring.
In 1750 there were 5 city gates east of the Weser; Stephanitor, Doventor, Ansgaritor, Herdentor and Ostertor; as well as 2 east of; Hohentor and Buntentor. In the same century, the facilities began to be transformed into different assets for the cities. Large siege wars were obsolete, and instead parks were increasingly built and mills built on ramparts and bastions. In 1811, the entire facility was completed as an English landscape garden.
Today, the moat is preserved in a slightly modified form around the old town east of the Weser, while around Neustadt only a green belt and a single lake remain as a remnant of the moat. The gardens from recent centuries are good for walks, where you come across quite a few sculptures and memorials.
Kunsthalle Bremen is an art museum located in the area of the city’s former fortifications. The museum building was built 1847-1849 and later expanded. The facade today was completed in 1904.
The museum’s collection is substantial and spans works from the 14th century to the present day. The paintings here include great European masters as well as French and German impressionists such as Liebermann, Manet, Monet, Renoir and van Gogh. There is also a sculpture collection dating back to the 16th century, a number of works in newer media, copper engravings as well as coins and medals.
Universum is a science playground where you can experience the deep sea, the interior of the Earth, the sky, man and other themes. The place is divided into three parts; Science Centre, SchauBox and EntdeckerPark.
The Science Center offers several hundred interactive experiments and experiences that, among other things, take you on a space journey, a trip with a submarine to a depth of 2,500 meters and into a living room that is hit by an earthquake.
SchauBox is where Universum’s entrance is located, and changing exhibitions are arranged in the rust-red building. EntdeckerPark is a large outdoor area with play and discovery opportunities. The highest is the Wind Tower/Turm der Lüfte, which you can climb. It is 27 meters high, and from the top you can see the towers of Bremen with the cathedral as the characteristic twin towers.
Schlachte is the name of the street that runs along the banks of the river Weser in the center of Bremen. Today, Schlachte is the city’s leading strip of eateries and German biergarten, but in the past it was a busy harbor quay. The name Schlachte also comes from the piles that were the harbor’s bulwarks.
Over time, the center of gravity in the city’s harbor moved away from the city center towards the sea and to Bremerhaven. Before that happened, however, Schlachte was already a well-visited place with restaurants in the city. Since the 1990s, the current Schlachte has been built in place of the office and magazine purposes that dominated earlier in the century.
Down the street itself, along the Weser, is the river promenade, which is also worth a trip. Here you get close to the river and the traffic that takes place here; e.g. harbor cruises.
Bremerhaven is a port city located at the mouth of the river Weser. The city is home to one of Germany’s most important ports, and it belongs to the Hanseatic city of Bremen as its advanced port city. There have been villages in the area since the 12th century, while Bremerhaven itself was founded in 1827. In 1939, the town became part of Wesermünde, which had been formed in 1924 by merging the towns of Lehe and Geestemünde. The entire urban area was named Bremerhaven in 1947, when the connection to Bremen was also re-established administratively.
Today you can experience a lovely maritime atmosphere in Bremerhaven, where you can take a few walks along the Weser and the smaller Geeste, which meanders through the city centre. The modern center lies north of the Geestes estuary, and here lies the Bürgermeister-Smidt-Straße as the city’s business district running north-south. Far to the south in this area you can see the tower Bremerhaven Radar Tower, which is a 107 meter high tower that was built 1962-1965. In the tower, there is a 360° panoramic view from a height of 59 meters, where you can see the entire city center and surroundings.
As a significant port city, you can take a closer look at shipping and ships at the Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum, which is a maritime museum on the Weser. At the museum you can see, among other things, the Bremerkog, a preserved shipwreck of a keg from 1380, and there is also an exciting depiction of German maritime history through various themed exhibitions. At the maritime museum, you can also see the chimney from the nuclear-powered freighter Otto Hahn and a number of vessels in the museum harbour. These include, for example, the submarine Wilhelm Bauer from the Kriegsmarine, the barque Seute Deern, the lightship Elbe 3 and the tug Seefalke from 1924.
If you go north along the Weser from the maritime museum, you can see some modern buildings in the form of Klimahaus Bremerhaven and Hotel Sail City. Klimahaus is a scientific exhibition center where the focus is the Earth and a journey through continents and climate zones. The 147 meter high Hotel Sail City is located next to Klimahaus and stands as one of Bremerhaven’s most characteristic buildings. Close by, you can visit the museum Deutsches Auswandererhaus, which tells the story of the German emigration to, not least, North America. Bremerhaven was the largest emigration port in continental Europe throughout large parts of the 19th century, and therefore the museum is a historical place for the many ships that once sailed from here on single tickets.
There are also several other things to see in the German port city. In the center along the Weser you can visit the compact and well-built Zoo am Meer, where polar bears, among other things, live. It is also possible to experience fishing in Bremerhaven through, for example, a trip to the fishing port, on the old fishing trawler Gera and in the cozy Fiedler’s Fischmarkt. You can also take the HafenBus on a trip to Bremerhaven’s modern harbor areas, where you get a good impression of the harbor and its size and activity. One of the curious sights is the Container-Aussichtsturm viewing platform, which offers a fine view of the harbor area from the top of some shipping containers.
Wangerooge is one of the Frisian islands located in the North Sea along the coasts of Germany and the Netherlands. It is one of the smallest of the inhabited East Frisian islands, and the island is also the easternmost of these. Wangerooge is approximately 7 kilometers from the mainland and is 8.5 kilometers long and up to 2.2 kilometers wide.
Wangerooge is a popular excursion destination due to the nature of the island with long sandy beaches and a nature that otherwise consists of marshland. The island is also known for its railway, the Wangerooger Inselbahn, which is a narrow-gauge railway operated by Deutsche Bahn. The track connects Wangerooge’s most important town and port, and the track is frequently used because the island is car-free.
The town of Wangerooge is cozy and beautifully situated close to nature. Here you can take a walk along the main street Zedeliusstraße, which ends to the north at the elevated Café Pudding, from which there is a beautiful view of the seafront and the North Sea. To the south along Zedeliusstraße is the station, which is one of the city’s largest buildings.
From large parts of Wangerooge you can see the tower Westturm, which stands with a height of 58 meters at the western end of the island. The first Westturm is believed to have been built in the 14th century as a church tower to the west to act as a sea mark. The second Westturm from around the year 1600 was blown up in 1914, and the current tower was built as a youth hostel in 1932. The tower has continued that function.
Emden is a port city on the river Ems in the northwestern corner of Germany. The city’s history goes back at least to the 7th century, but its foundation is not known with certainty. Emden has over time played a role in the Reformation in the 16th century, and with the Emden Revolution in 1595, the city achieved the status of a partially autonomous city-state. The city was rich throughout the 17th century, and in 1744 it was annexed by Prussia. Later, Emden was connected to the Ruhr area through the Dortmund-Ems-Canal, and since then the port has been continuously developed.
Today, Emden is a pleasant town to visit. Most of Emden was destroyed by British and American bombing during the Second World War, and you can therefore see newer sights. Emden’s town hall is one of the city’s best-known buildings. It was originally built in 1574-1576, and after World War II it was rebuilt with partial reuse of old building parts. The town hall therefore stands as an architectural mix of new and old.
Emden’s town hall is located in the middle of the old town, and in front of it is Ratsdelft, which is the name of Emden’s inner harbor. You can take a pleasant walk along Ratsdelft, where there are also several museum ships such as the lighthouse Amrumbank Deutsche Bucht. You can continue the tour along the rest of the city, the harbor and the many canals and moats that surround the old city. In the old town, you can see the Pelzerhäuser houses from the 16th century, which were the only ones in the neighborhood to survive the bombs on 6 September 1944. You can also visit the rebuilt Große Kirche church.
But you can also go on one of the popular canal and harbor cruises in Emden, where you sail from the city’s waterways to and from Ratsdelft and experience both the city and its green surroundings. You can also sail to the Kunsthalle museum, located on the Stadtgraben canal. At the museum, the focus is on exhibitions of art from the 20th century to the present day. You can also see a regional art and cultural history collection at the Ostfriesisches Museum, which is housed in Emden’s town hall.
Hamburg, with more than two million inhabitants, is Germany’s second largest city and the absolute metropolis of northern Germany. Its wealth has been created over the centuries as a successful member of the Hanseatic League, where Hamburg grew large as a port city, and to this day the maritime element is a continuing source of trade and tourism.
Hamburg is one of Central Europe’s great gates to the world. The trade has gone through the city for centuries, which now has lovely business districts, markets and lots of sights. Life around the harbor has been greatly developed in recent years, with the historic warehouses of Speicherstart being transformed into activities, offices and with housing and cultural institutions blended beautifully into the old settings.
Cuxhaven is a port city in Lower Saxony, located at the mouth of the Elbe in the North Sea. It is also at this mouth that you can see Kugelbake, the city’s landmark. Kugelbake is a sea mark on the outermost isthmus that divides the river and the sea, and the 30 meter high wooden structure has also been used as a lighthouse over time. Today you can go for a walk by the sea mark and also on the long beach and Kugelbake Fort immediately west of here.
In the city of Cuxhaven itself, you can take a walk in the centre, which is located around the city’s old harbor basins. If you go to the street Lentzstraße by the harbor, you can see the Hapag-Hallen, which is an old railway station that was built by the shipping company Hamburg-Amerika-Linie in the year 1900. The beautiful station served as a transit point for many emigrants who sailed from Cuxhaven to America .
There are also several opportunities to take a trip on the water from Cuxhaven. You can, for example, take the ferry to Neuwerk, which lies northwest of the city. Neuwerk belongs administratively to the city of Hamburg, and it is characterized by nature with its few inhabitants. You can also sail further out into the North Sea to the island of Heligoland, which offers a beautiful and distinctive landscape as well as an exciting history.
Heligoland is a small rocky island located in the North Sea northwest of the city of Cuxhaven. Heligoland has an exciting history, fantastic nature, and the island actually consists of both Heligoland and the neighboring island of Düne. The main island consists almost of two independent parts, one part of which is a sandstone cliff of up to 61 meters in height with steep slopes, while the other part is flat lowland. The two parts are called Oberland and Unterland.
Heligoland belonged to Denmark until 1807, when England during the Napoleonic Wars conquered it and subsequently took over its governance. The island became German in 1890, and Germany then established a naval base on Heligoland. On 18 April 1945, the British bombed Heligoland, which British troops occupied after the end of the war. In 1947, the British blew up all the island’s military installations in a gigantic explosion that changed Heligoland’s appearance. In 1952, Germany got back the island.
Sögestraße/Domshof
domshof-passage.de
Papenstraße 5
galeria-kaufhof.de
Obernstraße 5-33
karstadt.de
Lloyd Passage
lloydpassage.de
Sögestraße 22
karstadt.de
Sögestraße, Obernstraße, Knochenhauerstraße, Schnoor, Hutfilterstrasse, Am Wall, Ansgaritor
Überseemuseum
Bahnhofsplatz 13
uebersee-museum.de
Serengeti Park Hodenhagen
Am Safaripark 1, Hodenhagen
serengeti-park.de
Spiel Coolisse
Hans-Bredow-Straße 9
spielcoolisse.de
Universum
Wiener Straße 1a
universum-bremen.de
Weltvogelpark Walsrode
Am Rieselbach, Walsrode
weltvogelpark.de
Wuseum Werder Bremen Museum
Franz-Böhmert-Straße 1
werder.de
In the present area of Bremen, the Germanic tribe settled around the birth of Jesus. With migrations towards the 20th century, the tribe merged with the scissors in this area and the Frisians farther to the northwest.
During the following centuries, up to the 7th century, settlements occurred along the river Weser. It was in the area of Bremer Düne that, with its protective height, provided protection against high tide. At the same time, the distance to wads across the river was not long.
Bremer Düne was a dune area of 20-30 kilometers in length, where Bremen’s old town later grew. The dune ridge was at the site of the city’s current cathedral about 10 meters high.
Around the year 150, Bremen was first mentioned under the now-present name of Fabiranum. It was the Greek Claudius Ptolemäus who described the settlements along the Weser; Ptolemy worked as a librarian in Alexandria.
During the Saxon Wars in the years 772-804 the Saxons fought under Widukind against the Frankish people of Charlemagne, and they lost. Charlemagne introduced the law Lex Saxonum, which among other things came to Christianize the population, prohibiting the worship of the ancient gods with Odin at the head.
Bremen became bishop’s seat, and in 787 Willehad became the city’s first bishop. Two years later, he was able to inaugurate the first cathedral at the highest point of the small town. The church was dedicated to Saint Peter, whose key to Paradise became and remains the weapon and symbol of the city.
The bishopric seat in Bremen came in 805 under the archdiocese seat in Cologne, which due to long distance gave the brakes relatively free hands.
The Archdiocese of Hamburg was plundered by the Vikings in 848, and Archbishop Ansgar moved his seat to Bremen, and thus Bremen had become the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen. As a result, missions were opened to Scandinavia and the northeastern Germanic area, and Bremen was now called Northern Rome because of its religious importance and role to the north. From the city, Ansgar emerged as the Nordic apostle and Christian parts of the Scandinavian Vikings.
However, Danish Vikings also came to Ansgar’s new seat, and in 850 they ravaged and destroyed, among other things, Bremen Cathedral, so a new one had to be erected. Around the cathedral, fortifications were built, so this territory, for centuries, was like a city in the city.
Frisian traders sailed on the rivers and the sea north of Bremen, and increasingly they also established themselves in the city, which benefited from the rising activity. Weser’s side arm, Balge, formed in the center of Bremen a natural harbor that was the city’s first.
At this time, the city’s distribution was limited to the area between Balge and the marketplace, but the flourishing of the trade created growth in the city from the area around Balge and the street Langenstraße. This part of the city grew over time with the cathedral city; however, continued a separation between them.
In 888, Archbishop Rimbert was granted commercial rights which included customs and currency. West of the cathedral and not quite in the current marketplace, the city market was established. During the century, Rimbert also minted the first coins in Bremen.
In 937, Otto put the city under royal protection, and he expanded the archdiocese’s values and trading rights. The king handed over possessions to the church, which was allowed to hold two large markets; one of which has evolved into today’s Bremer Freimarkt, which is one of Germany’s oldest still maintained market traditions.
In 1032, the city’s first stone walls were erected. The increasing trade over the sea with not least Norway and England led to an increasing economic influence, which should be protected. A few years later, a major redevelopment of the cathedral began; it was the beginning of the church one can see today.
In 1041, a fire ravaged Bremen, which had to be rebuilt. In the following decades, a significant economic boom was due to increased trade. Bremen became an important trading town for the region during this time, and it was increasingly used as a storage area.
Archbishop Adalbert helped bring the first monks to Bremen in 1050. It was the Benedictine monks who founded a monastery dedicated to St. Paul. The monastery served until 1523.
In the 1100s, the swampy land east of the city was cultivated by Dutch farmers who brought dykes and thereby contributed to Bremen as a booming marketplace. The Dutch had come here with privileges, and from 1171 they also applied to the area west of the city and Weser.
With the growing trade and prosperous economy, the influence of the population has become increasingly evident for the development of the city. Throughout the 12th century, various rights were granted to the inhabitants.
Essentially, the privileges were given by Emperor Friedrich I through the so-called Gelnhauser Privilege in 1186. The privileges provided that Bremen could only be ruled directly by the emperor or by a bourgeoisie and thus not by the church. The town was thus formally a free state city, characterized by direct imperial rule.
However, the church’s power remained in the city, which had 10,000-15,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 13th century. For example, Archbishop Gebhard II had a chain stretched across Weser in 1220 to demand passage charges. However, this obstacle was removed after a few years due to opposition from the city.
In 1229, the first town hall in Bremen saw the light of day. It was on the corner of Obernstraße and Sögestraße streets, and with this institution it was a manifest bourgeois unit of power in the city. Four years later, Archbishop Gebhard II upheld the city’s rights.
However, Bremen’s city rights were only really formulated publicly with Bremer Stadtrecht in 1303. Bremer Stadtrecht was a constitution for the city that regulated, among other things, the city council’s powers, citizens’ rights, criminal law and commercial rules. The constitution was revised a few times in the 1400s, but was otherwise applicable to the 19th century.
The mid-13th century was a troubled time. During the years 1348-1350 there was an archdiocese feud, with the opponents being Gottfried von Arnsberg and Count Moritz von Oldenburg, each of whom considered himself eligible to be elected new archbishop. Von Arnsberg was appointed by the counties of Hoya’s help, among others, and von Oldenburg gathered a small force that attacked the city. With the plague ravaged in Bremen in 1350, almost half of the population died, and Bremen had to surrender to von Oldenburg. The two warring parties then shared power with Gottfried von Arnsberg as nominal archbishop.
Archbishop Gottfried enjoyed protection from the counties of Hoya, who resided a little south of Bremen, and here Gottfried also stayed often. With the plague of the plague, the counties lost their livelihood for their farming, and many were taken to Bremen, where after a year they became free citizens and inhabitants. Those conditions crossed the line, and Bremen lost in 1358, capturing many. The town had to pay ransom, which subsequently imposed taxes on the citizens.
The weakened Bremen in 1365 had to see Archbishop Albert II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg try to gain dominion in the city. In May 1366, the city was attacked, and here the symbol of freedom, the figure of Roland in the marketplace, was set on fire. The settlement had its roots in social unrest, but later in the year the conditions had returned to earlier.
By the beginning of the 15th century, Bremen had risen again. The city council erected an impressive town hall in the marketplace and a new Roland statue was placed. Both are preserved to this day, and they were symbols of the city’s ability. The Roland statue also displayed visible evidence of the city’s liberties, and it was set up so that it turned its face towards the cathedral to finally mark the power of the city government and thereby the power of the people.
A total of four times Bremen was a member of the Hanseatic League; 1260-1285, 1358-1427, 1438-1563 and 1576-1669. The first time was only 25 years before Bremen was excluded. The reason was that Bremen’s merchants prioritized the north-south trade routes, where the federation maintained a blockade against Norway to strengthen the east-west trade.
Re-enrollment occurred in 1358, when Bremen was kneeling economically and politically. The merchants traded with Flanders, which the Hanseatic League had boycotted, and the dissatisfaction with the previous trade forced Bremen into the union and thereby to stop trading with Flanders.
In the years 1427-1438 Bremen was not a member due to internal affairs, and the city was also excluded 1563-1576; this time due to religious strife between factions of Christians.
The trading fleet of Bremen came far and wide, and it numbered 65 ships with a total capacity of 8,000 tons in 1560. By the end of the century the fleet had grown to 107 ships.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the cathedral area, the Domgebiet, was a city in the city, and here the church and not the city governed. It had not given rise to religious conflicts. In 1522, an Augustinian monk came to the city with the Protestant faith, and he preached in one of the city’s churches.
The monk was labeled as a heretic by the Catholic Church, while the city government took a party for the monk. However, the cathedral remained Catholic despite the rapid spread of Protestantism in the area. In 1532, however, a group of Bremen interrupted a Catholic Mass in the cathedral and set up a Protestant sermon instead.
The entrance of the Protestant church was thus a reality, and the Reformation was carried out throughout the century in the city, where various Protestant directions predominated; there were thus a great number of Calvinists.
Like many other smaller states in the area, Bremen sought to remain neutral during the 30-year war. The war was partly a war of religion about getting closer to Bremen when the Calvinist faithful in the United Netherlands asked for the city’s help in 1623.
The Catholic League turned its armies to the north to break the already weakened covenant of Hans, and here the towns of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck lay just ahead. Among other things, the league wanted to take over the Baltic Sea trade itself.
In 1625, the King of Denmark, Christian IV, entered the war on the Netherlands and England, and his forces fought in the Battle of Lutter am Barenberg and suffered a great defeat. Instead of the King’s planned takeover of the trading sites to the north, Catholic Army General Tilly could besiege Bremen, who, however, escaped by actual ransom.
The Archdiocese of Bremen was a state now under the influence of the Catholic, German-Roman emperor, but as a free city this did not apply to the city of Bremen itself. The emperor issued a decree that the Catholic Church should have the former property of the church back from the city, arguing that Bremen had long been a Protestant, and that this was not according to the wishes of the citizens.
With Swedish help, Bremen retained his freedom, but feared Swedish rule. Therefore, the city government asked the emperor to confirm the city’s status as imperial city, a free state city. Emperor Ferdinand III confirmed this status in 1646.
In 1653, Swedish troops from their territory attacked Bremen-World. The city retained its freedom, but the result was certain tax payments to the Swedes. In 1663, Bremen gained a seat in the German-Roman Empire, thereby increasing the city’s influence and importance. The Swedes attacked from their enclave Bremen-World in 1665-1666, but had to sign a treaty in 1666 to demolish the positions of attack on the city from, among others, Denmark and the Netherlands. The 30-year war and subsequent Swedish attacks were now over for Bremen.
In 1811, Napoleon’s troops invaded Bremen and made the city the capital of the French department of Bouches-du-Weser, which included the country at the mouth of Weser. In 1813 the French troops withdrew, and at the Vienna Congress in 1815, the cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck remained independent republics rather than be joined with neighboring states.
The 19th century was a successful time for Bremen, whose trade developed positively. The first German steamship was built here in 1817, and ten years later the city government acquired a strip of negligible land at Weser’s mouth. They bought it from the Kingdom of Hanover and later developed it into Bremerhaven, which over time took over Bremen’s role as the city’s major commercial port.
In 1847, the first railway opened, passing between Bremen and Hanover. Among companies, for example, the later Beck’s Brewery and the Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company saw the light of day, and in 1872 the cotton exchange in Bremen was established. Shipping and world trade were hallmarks of the city.
Throughout the century the population increased explosively. From more than 30,000 around 1800 lived here more than 160,000 hundred years later.
During the Weimar Republic, Bremen’s economy grew considerably and the infrastructure was further strengthened. In 1920, for example, the first scheduled flights started from the city’s airport. In 1928, the Columbus Quay opened in Bremerhaven; it was named after Norddeutscher Lloyd’s flagship, Columbus, which was the German merchant’s largest ocean steamer. The quay’s opening provided better connections across the Atlantic, where the TS Bremen ship became the symbol of the city’s and country’s capabilities. TS Bremen achieved the blue ribbon as the fastest ship across the Atlantic. Bremerhaven as a trading port brought growth in the city; it became and is one of Germany’s largest ports.
As a shipyard and port city, Bremen was heavily bombed during World War II. Here was also aircraft production, which was also bomb targets. During the total of 173 air strikes, approximately 60% of the city’s buildings were destroyed. After the war began a large-scale reconstruction work, and since 1949 the city has been its own free city state in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Former trade and technical know-how have been passed on to today’s Bremen, which is a university town and has, among other things, research and development in aerospace technology as a business in the city. Bremen’s status as a historic Hanseatic city is also reflected in the city’s old town, which attracts many tourists with the town hall, the cathedral and the Roland statue.
Bremen, Germany[/caption]
Overview of Bremen
Bremen is an old Hanseatic city which offers a city center that immediately brings visitors centuries back to the time of the merchants’ overseas trade. The Weser Renaissance is the typical building style of the era and there are loads of beautiful old buildings with the 14th century town hall and the cathedral as some of the most famous.
The town hall and the cathedral are both nice sights, and you should also see Schütting and Bremen’s many large churches on your walk along the cozy streets. Universum and the Haus Atlantis with the stunning Himmelssaal are architectural gems from recent time that should be seen as well. And when on a stroll, remember to include Böttcherstraße and Schlacte in the evening.
The Town Musicians of Bremen is a special story, which is recognized several places in Bremen including a monument to the old tale. The green parks of Bremen complement the old town and the beautiful areas along the river Weser. The city’s historic ramparts form a semicircle around the city, and it is a good idea to take a stroll by the moat or possibly enjoy the sun at the lawns of the Bürgerpark.
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Roland was margrave in Brittany and army commander under Charlemagne in the 7th century. He fell in 778 in Roncevaux during an ambush, and the French Roland Squad/Chanson de Roland immortalized the count for his faith and efforts, which later came to symbolize justice through the Roland columns erected in free cities.
In Bremen, the current Roland was erected in 1404 as the protector of the city and symbol of its freedom. There had previously been a wooden statue. Roland stands in front of the town hall, but looks towards the cathedral. It is a symbol of the city’s freedom from ecclesiastical claims to territory.
Even the Bremer Roland figure is 5.47 meters tall and stands on a 60 centimeter high plinth. The pillion with the Gothic canopy behind Roland brings the total height to 10.21 metres. Roland carries his sword, Durendal, and a shield with the double-headed imperial eagle.
Bremer Roland is the oldest, preserved Roland column, and since 2004 it has been on UNESCO’s list of world heritage sites.
Schütting is the name of the building where Bremen’s merchant slave was housed. Since 1849, the city’s chamber of commerce has been located here. The merchant slave was built by Schütting in the years 1537-1538. It was a stately building that, with its location directly opposite the city’s town hall, symbolized the wealth and power of the merchants in the city.
The style is Flemish Renaissance. The stair gables have been preserved in their original form, while the facade facing the square Am Markt was changed in the 19th century. The entrance to the house was in the gable until the 1890s, when the central portal was built. The coat of arms of Bremen’s merchants adorns the portal.
Hotel Radisson BLU Bremen is elegantly located with access to the experiences in Böttcherstraße and the city center, but the hotel itself has a few attractions. They are located in the part of the hotel facing Böttcherstraße; in Atlantishuset/Atlantis Haus.
Ludwig Roselius let Bernhard Hoetger work on the house. Hoetger was inspired by the artist Paula Modersohn Becker and worked with wood, metal and glass building blocks. In Atlantis Haus, the idea was that the house’s spiral staircase should lead up to heaven, symbolized by Himmelsalen/Himmelssaal.
In the staircase area and in the Himmelssaal, the blue and white glass stones dominate, providing a special light. On top of the stairs is a small hall with special acoustics. You can stand in the middle and hear your own voice as if through loudspeakers.
Himmelssaal was almost completely rebuilt after the destruction of the Second World War, and the original glass bricks were used for the work. That is why some of them are splintered.
Domshof is the main square of old Bremen; here was and is, among other things, the town hall and the cathedral. From the 9th century until 1803, the square belonged directly under the church as an enclave with the name Dombezirk, and it was thus not subject to the authority of the city government in Bremen. In the earlier Middle Ages, the ecclesiastical area was surrounded by a wall, but already in 1043 it was demolished.
The cathedral was located on a high point which was 5.5 meters higher than the opposite end of the square. That part was raised over time, and in the 14th century the square had its current shape and size of 135×60 meters.
The space was used for many things; among other things knight tournaments. Both the church and Bremen laid claim to the use of the square and over time there were both trade and military parades here from the city’s side. They were carried out despite protests from Dombezirk on behalf of His Highness, which changed hands several times from, for example, Swedes to Hanoverians.
In 1803, the Domshof became a regular part of the city, and over the following decades various renovations and new buildings were carried out. From the end of the 19th century, several bank buildings were built, among them the neo-renaissance construction of Bremer Bank (Domshof 8-9) from 1904 and Deutsche Bank (Domshof 25) from 1890, these are the most significant of the banks .
You can see several monuments in the square. The Bismarck memorial/Bismarckdenkmal is an equestrian statue from 1910, and a more modern equestrian statue is the fountain Neptunbrønden/Neptunbrunnen, erected in 1991.
At the overseas museum, nature, culture and trade are the themes. Here the focus is on subjects from overseas countries and continents, and at the same time you can see parts of Bremen’s history and development depicted. It concerns the city’s economic heyday as a leading trading city, and in the exhibition there is a very vivid review of the importance of shipping and the cotton trade for example to Bremen.
The museum’s starting point was natural history and ethnographic collections that were brought together in 1875 with the aim of establishing a museum. In 1890, many objects were displayed at the Northwest Trade and Industry Fair, and the popularity of the exhibition meant that it was extended until 1895. The following year, the museum was officially opened in the current building.
The Überseemuseum is one of Bremen’s absolute treasures. Here is an abundance of effects from around the world. African masks and Asian construction art are just a few examples of the benefits of a visit around the Earth in the museum’s exhibitions.
The collection of animals is also impressive. Beautifully arranged dioramas give an impression of the world’s animal life, and from bygone times you can take a look at, among other things, a dinosaur skeleton.
Bremer Ratskeller is a wine cellar and eatery that dates back as long as Bremen’s town hall, which sits atop the Ratskeller. Here you will find the country’s largest collection of German wines, the oldest of which is from 1653.
The collection of the many wines and the serving of them is due to the historical monopoly the council in Bremen had for the wine trade. As a result, Ratskeller became the town’s wine place, and more and more wines were added.
The monopoly has long been broken, but the tradition continued, and today you can enjoy the rush of the past in the beautiful and atmospheric surroundings. There are, for example, vaulted pillared halls, wall paintings, wine barrels and the small rooms, the Priölken, where since 1599 you have been able to sit in your own small room and enjoy a meal.
Around Bremen’s old town lies a green belt of parks. It is a well-visited, recreational area which, until the 18th century, constituted the city’s fortifications.
To the west lay the river Weser as a natural protection, while the flat land to the east had to be protected. Since 782 there have been defense installations; in the first centuries a wall of wood. In the 13th century, the first stone structures were established. On the outside, they built the moat, which ran into the river Weser at both ends.
In 1250, 6 city gates were built as access roads through the ramparts; Ostertor, Bischofstor, Herdentor, Ansgariitor, Brückentor and Natel. Around the 14th century, the walls were extended to a total of 22 towers and a height of 5 metres.
The largest expansion of the fortification was carried out in the years 1623-1664, when the Dutch Johan van Valckenburgh stood behind the jagged moat with associated facilities, the remains of which can clearly be seen today. The entire city was enclosed, and on the west bank of the Weser the district of Neustadt was founded with corresponding ramparts around it, so that the entire city area was surrounded by a jagged defensive ring.
In 1750 there were 5 city gates east of the Weser; Stephanitor, Doventor, Ansgaritor, Herdentor and Ostertor; as well as 2 east of; Hohentor and Buntentor. In the same century, the facilities began to be transformed into different assets for the cities. Large siege wars were obsolete, and instead parks were increasingly built and mills built on ramparts and bastions. In 1811, the entire facility was completed as an English landscape garden.
Today, the moat is preserved in a slightly modified form around the old town east of the Weser, while around Neustadt only a green belt and a single lake remain as a remnant of the moat. The gardens from recent centuries are good for walks, where you come across quite a few sculptures and memorials.
Kunsthalle Bremen is an art museum located in the area of the city’s former fortifications. The museum building was built 1847-1849 and later expanded. The facade today was completed in 1904.
The museum’s collection is substantial and spans works from the 14th century to the present day. The paintings here include great European masters as well as French and German impressionists such as Liebermann, Manet, Monet, Renoir and van Gogh. There is also a sculpture collection dating back to the 16th century, a number of works in newer media, copper engravings as well as coins and medals.
Universum is a science playground where you can experience the deep sea, the interior of the Earth, the sky, man and other themes. The place is divided into three parts; Science Centre, SchauBox and EntdeckerPark.
The Science Center offers several hundred interactive experiments and experiences that, among other things, take you on a space journey, a trip with a submarine to a depth of 2,500 meters and into a living room that is hit by an earthquake.
SchauBox is where Universum’s entrance is located, and changing exhibitions are arranged in the rust-red building. EntdeckerPark is a large outdoor area with play and discovery opportunities. The highest is the Wind Tower/Turm der Lüfte, which you can climb. It is 27 meters high, and from the top you can see the towers of Bremen with the cathedral as the characteristic twin towers.
Schlachte is the name of the street that runs along the banks of the river Weser in the center of Bremen. Today, Schlachte is the city’s leading strip of eateries and German biergarten, but in the past it was a busy harbor quay. The name Schlachte also comes from the piles that were the harbor’s bulwarks.
Over time, the center of gravity in the city’s harbor moved away from the city center towards the sea and to Bremerhaven. Before that happened, however, Schlachte was already a well-visited place with restaurants in the city. Since the 1990s, the current Schlachte has been built in place of the office and magazine purposes that dominated earlier in the century.
Down the street itself, along the Weser, is the river promenade, which is also worth a trip. Here you get close to the river and the traffic that takes place here; e.g. harbor cruises.
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